Mali


This country page describes, in brief, data that TJET has compiled on regime transitions, intrastate conflict episodes, and transitional justice mechanisms. For details on the data included on this page, view the FAQ.

For Mali, TJET has collected information on: six amnesties between 1977 and 2012; 14 domestic trials starting between 1991 and 2018; two international trials starting between 2015 and 2018; and one truth commission mandated in 2014.

Select any transitional justice mechanism in the table below to view a timeline in the figure.


Country Background

Democratic Transition

Based on well-known democracy data, TJET records two democratic transitions starting in 1992 and 2014.

Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.

Violent Conflict

Based on the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, TJET records 17 violent intrastate conflict episodes between 1990 and 2020 (during 15 calendar years), involving 14 distinct armed opposition groups fighting against the government. Nine conflict episodes were internationalized by involvement of external state actors.

Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions. Source: UCDP Dyadic Dataset version 23.1, https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/index.html#dyadic.


Transitional Justice Data

As of 2020, Mali ranks 35th out of 174 on TJET’s legacy of violence index. For a full list of country rankings over time, view the index page, and for an explanation of the index, view the Methods & FAQs page.


Amnesties

Mali had six amnesties between 1977 and 2012. One occurred in the context of democratic transition. Two were passed after internal armed conflict. One was part of a peace agreement. Two amnesties released political prisoners. Four amnesties forgave human rights violations.

Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.


Domestic Trials

TJET has compiled data on 14 domestic prosecutions between 1991 and 2018. These include one transitional human rights prosecution of state agents, in which two persons were convicted; three regular human rights prosecutions of state agents, in which no one was convicted; four intrastate conflict prosecutions of state agents, in which no one was convicted; five intrastate conflict prosecutions of opposition members, in which four persons were convicted; and one opposition prosecution of state agents or opposition members, in which no one was convicted. In one trial that involved high-ranking state agents, one person was convicted.

Click on accused records for data on convictions. Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.


International or Hybrid Trials

Nationals of Mali were subject to two international prosecutions between 2015 and 2018, which led to one conviction. Mali was referred to the ICC in 2012. The ICC's Office of the Prosecutor opened a preliminary examination of the situation in Mali in 2012. The first investigation of a specific case began in 2013. Starting in 2015, the ICC issued two arrest warrants, two of which resulted in court appearances. Proceedings began in two cases between 2016 and 2020.

Click on accused records for data on convictions. Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.


Truth Commissions

Mali mandated one truth commission in 2014. The commission began its operations in 2015; TJET has found no evidence of completion.

Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.


UN Investigations

Mali was subject to two UN investigations between 2013 and 2020. Two investigations aimed to encourage domestic prosecutions.

Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.


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