Somalia


This country page describes, in brief, data that TJET has compiled on regime transitions, intrastate conflict episodes, and transitional justice mechanisms. For details on the data included on this page, view the FAQ.

For Somalia, TJET has collected information on: twelve amnesties between 1973 and 2014; twelve domestic trials starting between 1978 and 2019; and one foreign trial starting in 2016.

Select any transitional justice mechanism in the table below to view a timeline in the figure.


Country Background

Democratic Transition

TJET records no democratic transitions in Somalia between 1970 and 2020.

Violent Conflict

Based on the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, TJET records twelve violent intrastate conflict episodes between 1982 and 2020 (during 31 calendar years), involving eleven distinct armed opposition groups fighting against the government. Four conflict episodes were internationalized by involvement of external state actors.

Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions. Source: UCDP Dyadic Dataset version 23.1, https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/index.html#dyadic.


Transitional Justice Data

As of 2020, Somalia ranks 14th out of 174 on TJET’s legacy of violence index. For a full list of country rankings over time, view the index page, and for an explanation of the index, view the Methods & FAQs page.


Amnesties

Somalia had twelve amnesties between 1973 and 2014. Five were passed during ongoing internal armed conflict. Nine amnesties released political prisoners. One amnesty forgave human rights violations.

Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.


Domestic Trials

TJET has compiled data on twelve domestic prosecutions between 1978 and 2019. These include four regular human rights prosecutions of state agents, in which one person was convicted; six intrastate conflict prosecutions of state agents, in which six persons were convicted; one intrastate conflict prosecution of opposition members, in which one person was convicted; and one opposition prosecution of state agents or opposition members, in which two persons were convicted.

Click on accused records for data on convictions. Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.


Foreign Trials

Nationals of Somalia were defendants in one foreign prosecution in Italy beginning in 2016.

Click on accused records for data on convictions. Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.


UN Investigations

Somalia was subject to two UN investigations between 1992 and 1993.

Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.


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