Indonesia
This country page describes, in brief, data that TJET has compiled on regime transitions, intrastate conflict episodes, and transitional justice mechanisms. For details on the data included on this page, view the FAQ.
For Indonesia, TJET has collected information on: nine amnesties between 1977 and 2005; 66 domestic trials starting between 1989 and 2015; 22 international trials starting between 2000 and 2004; four reparations policies created between 2005 and 2013; and two truth commissions mandated between 2004 and 2013.
Select any transitional justice mechanism in the table below to view a timeline in the figure.
Country Background
Democratic Transition
Based on well-known democracy data, TJET records one democratic transition starting in 1999.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Violent Conflict
Based on the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, TJET records nine violent intrastate conflict episodes between 1975 and 2018 (during 27 calendar years), involving three distinct armed opposition groups fighting against the government.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions. Source: UCDP Dyadic Dataset version 23.1, https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/index.html#dyadic.
Transitional Justice Data
As of 2020, Indonesia ranks 48th out of 174 on TJET’s legacy of violence index. For a full list of country rankings over time, view the index page, and for an explanation of the index, view the Methods & FAQs page.
Amnesties
Indonesia had nine amnesties between 1977 and 2005. Two were passed during ongoing internal armed conflict. Three were passed after internal armed conflict. One was part of a peace agreement. Six amnesties released political prisoners. Two amnesties forgave human rights violations.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Domestic Trials
TJET has compiled data on 66 domestic prosecutions between 1989 and 2015. These include 14 transitional human rights prosecutions of state agents, in which 31 persons were convicted; 33 regular human rights prosecutions of state agents, in which 43 persons were convicted; 13 intrastate conflict prosecutions of state agents, in which 19 persons were convicted; five intrastate conflict prosecutions of opposition members, in which seven persons were convicted; and six opposition prosecutions of state agents or opposition members, in which six persons were convicted. In six trials that involved high-ranking state agents, five persons were convicted.
Click on accused records for data on convictions. Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
International or Hybrid Trials
Nationals of Indonesia were subject to 22 international prosecutions between 2000 and 2004, which led to 13 convictions.
Click on accused records for data on convictions. Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Reparations Policies
Indonesia implemented four reparations policies, starting in 2006. According to available information, there was a total of 4322 individual beneficiaries. Three reparations policies provided collective benefits.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Truth Commissions
Indonesia mandated two truth commissions in 2004 and 2013. One began operations but TJET has found no evidence of completion.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
UN Investigations
Timor-Leste was subject to one UN investigation in 1999.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.