Pakistan
This country page describes, in brief, data that TJET has compiled on regime transitions, intrastate conflict episodes, and transitional justice mechanisms. For details on the data included on this page, view the FAQ.
For Pakistan, TJET has collected information on: 15 amnesties between 1974 and 2015; 39 domestic trials starting between 1981 and 2020; and one truth commission mandated in 1971.
Select any transitional justice mechanism in the table below to view a timeline in the figure.
Country Background
Democratic Transition
Based on well-known democracy data, TJET records three democratic transitions starting in 1972, 1988, and 2007.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Violent Conflict
Based on the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, TJET records 22 violent intrastate conflict episodes between 1971 and 2020 (during 25 calendar years), involving 14 distinct armed opposition groups fighting against the government. One conflict episode was internationalized by involvement of external state actors.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions. Source: UCDP Dyadic Dataset version 23.1, https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/index.html#dyadic.
Transitional Justice Data
As of 2020, Pakistan ranks 20th out of 174 on TJET’s legacy of violence index. For a full list of country rankings over time, view the index page, and for an explanation of the index, view the Methods & FAQs page.
Amnesties
Pakistan had 15 amnesties between 1974 and 2015. Two occurred in the context of democratic transition. Seven were passed during ongoing internal armed conflict. Two were passed after internal armed conflict. Three were part of a peace agreement. Four amnesties released political prisoners.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Domestic Trials
TJET has compiled data on 39 domestic prosecutions between 1981 and 2020. These include one transitional human rights prosecution of state agents, in which two persons were convicted; 33 regular human rights prosecutions of state agents, in which 13 persons were convicted; one intrastate conflict prosecution of state agents, in which two persons were convicted; three intrastate conflict prosecutions of opposition members, in which two persons were convicted; and one opposition prosecution of state agents or opposition members, in which one person was convicted.
Click on accused records for data on convictions. Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Truth Commissions
Pakistan mandated one truth commission in 1971. The commission completed its operations in 1974. The commission issued a final report, which are publicly available. The report included recommendations for prosecutions and institutional reforms.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
UN Investigations
Pakistan was subject to one UN investigation between 2009 and 2010.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.