Thailand
This country page describes, in brief, data that TJET has compiled on regime transitions, intrastate conflict episodes, and transitional justice mechanisms. For details on the data included on this page, view the FAQ.
For Thailand, TJET has collected information on: eleven amnesties between 1978 and 2009; 41 domestic trials starting between 1985 and 2017; two reparations policies created in 2012; and one truth commission mandated in 2010.
Select any transitional justice mechanism in the table below to view a timeline in the figure.
Country Background
Democratic Transition
Based on well-known democracy data, TJET records four democratic transitions starting in 1973, 1979, 1992, and 2008.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Violent Conflict
Based on the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, TJET records two violent intrastate conflict episodes between 1974 and 2020 (during 27 calendar years), involving two distinct armed opposition groups fighting against the government.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions. Source: UCDP Dyadic Dataset version 23.1, https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/index.html#dyadic.
Transitional Justice Data
As of 2020, Thailand ranks 36th out of 174 on TJET’s legacy of violence index. For a full list of country rankings over time, view the index page, and for an explanation of the index, view the Methods & FAQs page.
Amnesties
Thailand had eleven amnesties between 1978 and 2009. One occurred in the context of democratic transition. Three were passed during ongoing internal armed conflict. One was passed after internal armed conflict. Five amnesties released political prisoners. One amnesty forgave human rights violations.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Domestic Trials
TJET has compiled data on 41 domestic prosecutions between 1985 and 2017. These include ten transitional human rights prosecutions of state agents, in which nine persons were convicted; 30 regular human rights prosecutions of state agents, in which seven persons were convicted; and one opposition prosecution of state agents or opposition members, in which no one was convicted. In four trials that involved high-ranking state agents, five persons were convicted.
Click on accused records for data on convictions. Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Reparations Policies
Thailand mandated two reparations policies in 2012. According to available information, there was a total of 6150 individual beneficiaries. TJET found evidence on implementation only for one reparations policy.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Truth Commissions
Thailand mandated one truth commission in 2010. The commission completed its operations in 2012. The commission issued a final report, which is publicly available. The report included recommendations for prosecutions, reparations, and institutional reforms.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.