Turkey
This country page describes, in brief, data that TJET has compiled on regime transitions, intrastate conflict episodes, and transitional justice mechanisms. For details on the data included on this page, view the FAQ.
For Turkey, TJET has collected information on: nine amnesties between 1974 and 2005; 113 domestic trials starting between 1980 and 2017; one reparations policy created in 2004; and one vetting policy starting in 1983.
Select any transitional justice mechanism in the table below to view a timeline in the figure.
Country Background
Democratic Transition
Based on well-known democracy data, TJET records one democratic transition starting in 1983.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Violent Conflict
Based on the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, TJET records eight violent intrastate conflict episodes between 1984 and 2020 (during 36 calendar years), involving seven distinct armed opposition groups fighting against the government.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions. Source: UCDP Dyadic Dataset version 23.1, https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/index.html#dyadic.
Transitional Justice Data
As of 2020, Turkey ranks 28th out of 174 on TJET’s legacy of violence index. For a full list of country rankings over time, view the index page, and for an explanation of the index, view the Methods & FAQs page.
Amnesties
Turkey had nine amnesties between 1974 and 2005. Seven were passed during ongoing internal armed conflict. Nine amnesties released political prisoners. One amnesty forgave human rights violations.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Domestic Trials
TJET has compiled data on 113 domestic prosecutions between 1980 and 2018. These include two transitional human rights prosecutions of state agents, in which two persons were convicted; 106 regular human rights prosecutions of state agents, in which 58 persons were convicted; one intrastate conflict prosecution of state agents, in which no one was convicted; one intrastate conflict prosecution of opposition members, in which one person was convicted; and four opposition prosecutions of state agents or opposition members, in which 29 persons were convicted.
Click on accused records for data on convictions. Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Reparations Policies
Turkey implemented one reparations policy between 2004 and 2008. According to available information, there was a total of 300000 individual beneficiaries.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Vetting Policies
Turkey had one vetting policy, starting in 1983; TJET found no information on whether or when the policy ended.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.