Estonia


This country page describes, in brief, data that TJET has compiled on regime transitions, intrastate conflict episodes, and transitional justice mechanisms. For details on the data included on this page, view the FAQ.

For Estonia, TJET has collected information on: two amnesties between 1992 and 1997; four domestic trials starting between 2007 and 2012; one reparations policy created in 2003; one truth commission mandated in 1998; and three vetting policies starting between 1992 and 1995.

Select any transitional justice mechanism in the table below to view a timeline in the figure.


Country Background

Democratic Transition

Based on well-known democracy data, TJET records one democratic transition starting in 1991.

Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.

Violent Conflict

Based on the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, TJET records no episodes of violent intrastate conflict in Estonia between 1970 and 2020.


Transitional Justice Data

As of 2020, Estonia ranks 158th out of 174 on TJET’s legacy of violence index. For a full list of country rankings over time, view the index page, and for an explanation of the index, view the Methods & FAQs page.


Amnesties

Estonia had two amnesties between 1992 and 1997. Two occurred in the context of democratic transition. Two amnesties released political prisoners. One amnesty forgave human rights violations.

Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.


Domestic Trials

TJET has compiled data on four domestic prosecutions between 2007 and 2014. These include four regular human rights prosecutions of state agents, in which six persons were convicted.

Click on accused records for data on convictions. Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.


Reparations Policies

Estonia implemented one reparations policy, starting in 2004. TJET found no information on the total number of beneficiaries.

Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.


Truth Commissions

Estonia mandated one truth commission in 1998. The commission completed its operations in 2008. The commission issued a final report, which is publicly available.

Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.


Vetting Policies

Estonia had three vetting policies, starting in 1992; TJET found no information on whether or when the policies ended. One policy prescribed dismissals from current employment. Two policies prescribed bans from holding future office. One policy aimed to declassify the records of former state security agents. One policy included legal consequences for non-disclosure of relevant past activities.

Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.


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