Romania
This country page describes, in brief, data that TJET has compiled on regime transitions, intrastate conflict episodes, and transitional justice mechanisms. For details on the data included on this page, view the FAQ.
For Romania, TJET has collected information on: four amnesties between 1976 and 1994; 44 domestic trials starting between 1989 and 2020; two reparations policies created between 1990 and 2009; one truth commission mandated in 2006; and two vetting policies starting between 1999 and 2010.
Select any transitional justice mechanism in the table below to view a timeline in the figure.
Country Background
Democratic Transition
Based on well-known democracy data, TJET records one democratic transition starting in 1990.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Violent Conflict
Based on the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, TJET records two violent intrastate conflict episodes in 1989, involving two distinct armed opposition groups fighting against the government.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions. Source: UCDP Dyadic Dataset version 23.1, https://ucdp.uu.se/downloads/index.html#dyadic.
Transitional Justice Data
As of 2020, Romania ranks 113rd out of 174 on TJET’s legacy of violence index. For a full list of country rankings over time, view the index page, and for an explanation of the index, view the Methods & FAQs page.
Amnesties
Romania had four amnesties between 1976 and 1994. Two occurred in the context of democratic transition. One was passed after internal armed conflict. Three amnesties released political prisoners. One amnesty forgave human rights violations.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Domestic Trials
TJET has compiled data on 44 domestic prosecutions between 1989 and 2020. These include ten transitional human rights prosecutions of state agents, in which 18 persons were convicted; 34 regular human rights prosecutions of state agents, in which eleven persons were convicted; and six intrastate conflict prosecutions of state agents, in which 14 persons were convicted. In eight trials that involved high-ranking state agents, seven persons were convicted.
Click on accused records for data on convictions. Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Reparations Policies
Romania mandated two reparations policies in 1990 and 2009. TJET found no information on the total number of beneficiaries. TJET found no evidence on implementation.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Truth Commissions
Romania mandated one truth commission in 2006. The commission completed its operations in 2006. The commission issued a final report, which is publicly available. The report included recommendations for prosecutions, reparations, and institutional reforms.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.
Vetting Policies
Romania had two vetting policies, starting in 1999; one of these ended by 2012. One policy provided sanctions based on past individual conduct. Two policies prescribed both dismissals from current employment and bans from holding future office. One policy aimed to declassify the records of former state security agents.
Data up to 2020. Hover over column labels for definitions.