Ukraine Household Survey of Effects of Attacks on Energy Infrastructure (2022-2025)
Abstract
This report presents the results of a large-scale household survey conducted in Ukraine in September–October 2025 to document civilian experiences and humanitarian consequences associated with attacks on energy infrastructure since the full-scale invasion in 2022. A total of 3,950 adults were surveyed through a nationally representative phone survey and in-person interviews in five major cities, including populations heavily affected by power outages and conflict-related disruptions. The study examines the prevalence, frequency, and perceived causes of power outages, as well as their effects on health, mental health, livelihoods, education, and household coping and preparedness. Key findings indicate that power outages have become a near-universal aspect of civilian experience during the war and are widely perceived as resulting from deliberate attacks on energy infrastructure. The report documents significant disruptions to access to healthcare, worsening physical and mental health, compromised food and water security, loss of income and work, and substantial interruptions to children’s education. Across domains, the most severe impacts are concentrated among households experiencing frequent and prolonged outages, particularly in eastern and selected urban areas. Although households report widespread coping strategies, preparedness for sustained outages remains limited, underscoring the ongoing civilian harm caused by attacks on critical infrastructure and the need for strengthened protection and humanitarian response.